Word: legalism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...these controls, why have prices risen so much faster than expected? One main reason is that market pressures kept prices below the federal ceilings when gas was plentiful. There was price competition among gas stations vying for customers. When supplies diminished, service stations raised the price to the legal maximum limit-an increase that outstripped the OPEC price rise. Beyond that, retailers who sold below the maximum price were allowed to "bank" the difference; now they can legally add that amount to the price they charge for gas. Such are the vagaries of regulation...
Many gas stations, however, simply ignore the legal prices. The DOE guesses that about half the gas now sold is above the official ceiling. Prices have ranged from the official rates of around $1 to as high as $1.70 per gal. at a few stations in New York City and Boston. Some station owners have justified these rates by saying that they had to pay more than $1.25 to wholesalers, but most were charging what the market would bear-i.e., a black market. The major oil companies are not involved in the black market. "We have too many auditors...
...zealousness of the pro-life groups stems in part from frustration. Despite their smashing legislative victories, the number of legal abortions in the U.S. has increased steadily, from 899,000 in 1974 to about 1.3 million in 1977. Further, a study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control in Atlanta shows that, despite the Hyde amendment, most low-income women are neither bearing unwanted children nor turning to kitchen-table abortionists. That is because 76% of the poor women seeking abortions live in the 15 populous states that have used state funds to make up for the lost federal money...
...Weber, the U.S. Supreme Court gave an answer. Employers can indeed choose to give special job preference to blacks without fear of being harassed by reverse-discrimination suits brought by other employees. The ruling was a strong endorsement of affirmative-action programs, one that will both protect them from legal assault and spur their expansion...
...companies may find that Weber will bring even more pressure on them-not just from blacks-to set up affirmative-action programs. For instance, Vilma Martinez, head of the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund, says that Hispanics will see the ruling as "the means to open doors that have been closed for too long." Women's groups believe Weber may help them expand their already considerable gains. Even some white ethnic groups that feel left out in the scramble for economic opportunity, such as Poles, Italians, Ukrainians and Czechs, may interpret Weber as a challenge that they...