Word: legalism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...China's highest executive body, will henceforth be circulated publicly. "The publication of regulations signed by China's Premier will help people learn exactly what they are being asked to adjust to, follow or enforce," said Huang Shuhai, a deputy director of legislative affairs for the State Council. "Their legal rights and interests will also be made clearer...
...move is an important step in China's campaign to formalize the country's legal code and replace renzhi, the rule of men, with fazhi, the rule of law. Although the ancient Chinese developed a sophisticated civil service system, the prominence of law waxed and waned with the fortunes of China's Emperors. The Communists tried to install a Soviet-style system after the 1949 revolution, but the fledgling effort began to unravel during Chairman Mao's "anti-rightist" political campaign in the late 1950s. What little jurisprudence survived was virtually swept away during the tumultuous Cultural Revolution...
Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping came to power, instituting the rule of law has been a critical element in the drive to modernize China. The government has issued a plethora of statutes covering everything from murder to trademark infringement. The legal profession has finally regained its status. Indeed, the number of Chinese lawyers has soared from a scant 2,000 in 1980 to 25,000 today, and some 70 legal publications are in circulation...
...From a legal point of view, it would appear that forcing the final clubs to institute an admissions policy against their will would be an infringement of their right to freedom of association as outlined in the Constitution. From a philosophical point of view, however, the answer is not so clear. Much thought has been given and should continue to be given to the issue of alleged elitism and sexism in the clubs. Name-calling and slandering, however, are not intelligent or effective ways to discuss such an issue...
Whether or not the legal right of final clubs to remain all-male is upheld, the issue will continue to be a source of division within the Harvard community. How this will be dealt with is up to the community as a whole. The moralistic name-calling might continue, though this would be deplorable. What is needed is an understanding that both sides in the dispute are part of the same community and ought to work together for the common good of the community. While this may not render an outcome acceptable to both sides, at least it will provide...