Word: legalism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...immediate legal problem can be seen in an analogy to gas stations. Say the stations with the best gas in town all decide on gas prices, and also on the discount they give preferred (even "needy") customers. Further, the practice raises the question of whether the service station owners fix the wages of their attendants, or the price for accessories like windshield wipers. The practice may benefit customers and workers; it may not. But it is clearly illegal...
...first time in nearly two decades, the Law School faculty may fill the chair of its East Asian Legal Studies program after voting unanimously to offer the post to a professor from the University of California at Los Angeles...
...trade could not continue on such a scale without the collusion of African officials. "So many of Africa's functionaries are corrupt," says K.T. Wang, one of Hong Kong's major ivory traders. "If they get money, they say it's legal ivory. If they don't get money, they say it's poached." Over the years, senior African officials, their spouses and close friends, and wildlife authorities have been implicated in ivory scandals...
...years, ivory of questionable origin flowed into Hong Kong. Until mid- 1988, the importation of carved ivory was largely unregulated, and so tusks lacking documentation were diverted through the Middle East and elsewhere, where they were lightly carved so they could enter Hong Kong as legal ivory. Last June, as nations moved to ban ivory imports, Hong Kong set up a special customs task force aimed at smugglers, as well as a 24-hour hot line. It has closed its borders to ivory imports for the time being...
Ultimately, many of the importers and the southern African nations hope for a situation in which moderate demand can be satisfied with legal ivory from controlled culling of elephant herds and natural mortality. That could theoretically keep both the elephant and the ivory industry alive. Such a delicate balance between supply and demand will be difficult to maintain...