Word: legalism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...initial legal theory didn't last forever. By the 1980s, the Supreme Court had ruled that equal access was too broad a policy, and that for insider trading to be illegal a person had to breach a fiduciary duty - a trust that had been established between that person and the company. In one landmark case, the court overturned the conviction of a printer of financial documents who bought shares of companies he knew were takeover targets. The prosecutors, the court found, hadn't proved the man's responsibility to the firms involved in the transactions. At the same time...
...Other legal proceedings against the Bush Administration are starting up. A federal judge in Washington this month ordered the White House to turn over a series of legal memos written to justify electronic eavesdropping without a warrant in a case brought against the Administration by the American Civil Liberties Union and other rights groups. According to the ruling, the judge will review the memos to determine whether any information can be released publicly under the Freedom of Information Act, despite objections from the Justice Department, which is citing attorney-client privilege and national security concerns for refusing to divulge...
...successfully resisted that order, and the case remains unresolved. Since the ruling, the Bush Administration has been working to find a country willing to accept the Uighurs, who cannot be handed to China under U.S. law since Beijing considers them separatists and may mistreat them. Hundreds of legal challenges to Guantánamo detentions are working their way up through the courts in the wake of a ruling in June by the Supreme Court, which said the prisoners there can have their cases heard in the U.S. legal system...
Many civil rights activists hope that the legal efforts will eventually lead to the prosecution of outgoing Administration officials for various offenses allegedly committed in the name of fighting terrorism over the past eight years. So far Obama and key congressional Democrats have signaled little interest in investigating and prosecuting Bush Administration officials once they leave office, a position some fear could leave the way open to similar government abuses in the future. "How do you deter these types of crimes in the future?" asks Vincent Warren, executive director of the Center for Constitutional Rights. "There is no meaningful...
...opening up to accept foreign labor. The latest data from the National Statistics Bureau shows there were over 772,000 foreign nationals working in Japan in 2005, up 12% from 2000. But not all segments of society are comfortable or set up for a large immigrant workforce. "The Japanese legal system doesn't assume that foreigners will settle down to live and work with the Japanese," says Hirano of Kyushu University. "That's been an obstacle to bringing foreign workers into the medical and care-service fields." Shiro Kawahara, president of the 60,000-strong Nihon Careservice Craft Union, says...