Word: legalizes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...events of last Nov. 22 stepped up the argument among politicians, legal scholars and political scientists over what to do about a glaring deficiency in the U.S. constitution: its silence on the transfer of executive power when a President is disabled. Last week a Washington forum of the American Bar Association heard from one to whom the question is far from academic. Said Dwight D. Eisenhower: "I have a personal interest in this. Three times I was reminded that I was one of those people who might be found with a disability...
...leading force behind this progress is a kind of constitutional commando-Manhattan's N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. Though it has only 14 fulltime lawyers, the aggressive defense fund has in recent years argued more cases before the Supreme Court than any other non-governmental organization. Last week it scored again when the court ordered faster school desegregation in Atlanta (see EDUCATION). While also celebrating its 25th birthday, the "Inc. Fund," as it is now known by its many friends and many foes, basked in praise from such admirers as Burke Marshall, the Justice Department...
Revolutionary Counsel. Now proudly independent, the Inc. Fund grew out of the N.A.A.C.P.'s legal victories of the late 1930s, which were largely the work of two brilliant Negro lawyers, Charles Houston and young Thurgood Marshall. On a budget of less than $10,000 a year, their office a car speeding from court to court, Houston and Marshall won a key desegregation case against the University of Missouri Law School in 1938, and suddenly the N.A.A.C.P. was deluged with a flood of new cases to try. To raise cash, it spun off the legal fund...
...anyone can work for the Inc. Fund; its current staff, including three whites, is heavy on ex-law-review editors and Ivy League products. Under a pioneering legal-intern program, the fund is training and will subsidize civil rights lawyers to fill an urgent need: fulltime practice in the South. The entire state of Mississippi, for example, has at present only four Negro lawyers. One promising recruit: Julius L. Chambers, son of an auto mechanic and first Negro to edit the North Carolina Law Review...
Solid foundation grants have now boosted the Inc. Fund's bankroll to $1,500,000, which is still austere for an organization that last year (aided by 102 cooperating lawyers) defended 10,487 civil rights demonstrators, fought 168 separate groups of legal actions in 15 states, and pushed 30 cases up to the Supreme Court. A single such high-court case costs as much as $50,000; in six months of defending 3,000 Birmingham demonstrators last year, the fund shelled...