Word: legalizing
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...first. Later, when the market reacted to the larger order by pushing prices up to $5.95, the trader could sell his contracts, pocketing $5,000 in profits. A second illicit practice uncovered by the feds was "curb trading," in which brokers conspired to consummate deals outside legal market hours "on the curb." Many brokers even "busted" losing trades by simply destroying evidence of the transaction. Such practices represent "more stupidity than conspiracy," says a Board of Trade official. "It's scratch my back and I'll scratch yours, but it's done with the customer's money. You might...
...Lenin, founder of the one-party Soviet dictatorship, believed that anyone who disagreed with him was an enemy who had to be ruthlessly smashed. He would not have hesitated a moment before arresting the members of the Congress of People's Deputies who decided last week to form a legal opposition calling itself the Interregional Group. At a freewheeling conference in Moscow's House of Cinema, the new faction elected a collective leadership and adopted a platform that called for rewriting the Soviet Constitution to make the system safe for pluralism and basic civil rights. In a direct challenge...
...most black South Africans, such a story would have ended in forcible dispossession. In Zwane's case, his despairing family sought help from a legal-aid organization in Johannesburg called the Legal Resources Center. LRC lawyers obtained an order against the authorities and won permission for Zwane to return and rebuild his home and business...
Such outcomes are increasingly common as South African blacks call on legal activists to challenge the apartheid system, often with help from groups and lawyers in the U.S. Encouraged by their success, more and more lawyers and organizations are entering the struggle. After lengthy legal battles this year, the Alexandra Five, charged with treason for trying to create autonomous local government structures, were acquitted, and last year the Sharpeville Six, sentenced to hang for their part in the murder of a black township official, obtained commutations of their death sentences. Perhaps the biggest advance is the recent working paper...
...lawyers expect such a complete transformation overnight. The campaign to provide blacks with legal defenses began after World War II, when both African National Congress President Oliver Tambo and nationalist leader Nelson Mandela began their careers as lawyers. The fact that Tambo is in exile and Mandela in prison illustrates how perilous that course was. The LRC had its origins in the aftermath of the Soweto uprising of 1976. The brutal government crackdown following the protest prompted a group of liberal lawyers and professors to try to set up a free legal-aid service for blacks. U.S. lawyer Jack Greenberg...