Word: leloir
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...beach house in La Jolla, Calif., Hannes Alfvén returned to bed after he got the news. Inside his lab in Buenos Aires, Luis Leloir squirmed uncomfortably as his colleagues toasted him with test tubes and flasks filled with Old Smuggler Scotch. At a restaurant in France, Louis Néel barely bothered to interrupt his lunch. "There are only a few Nobel prizes," he explained, "yet there are many good physicists." The modesty of the 1970 Nobel laureates in physics and chemistry last week was becoming, but less than indicative of their achievements...
...Leloir, 64, a Parisian-born Argentine, won the chemistry prize for his pioneer work in unraveling the chemistry of carbohydrates. Although it had long been known that the body breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars for energy, it was Leloir who realized in the late 1940s that there was an undiscovered missing link in these vital reactions: organic compounds called sugar nucleotides. Leloir also showed how one of the more complex body sugars, glycogen, is synthesized with the help of sugar nucleotides, stored in the liver and muscles and then made available on demand to produce simpler glucose whenever...