Word: leningrader
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...have died, and the Russian Jews would have had no hope." Despite last week's turnabouts in Spain and the Soviet Union, however, Woodrow Wilson's conviction that "opinion ultimately governs the world" remains eminently debatable. Though it helped to stay the firing squads in Burgos and Leningrad, that fact holds scant comfort for the 26 convicted dissidents, who still face long and harsh years of imprisonment despite their year-end rescue from execution...
Esfir Mostkova and the rest of the desolate little group in Moscow were waiting to hear the court's ruling on the appeals of eleven Soviet citizens-nine of them Jews-who also wanted desperately to go to Israel. They were convicted in Leningrad on Christmas Eve of plotting to hijack a Soviet airliner. Two of the Jews were sentenced to death, and seven others, along with the two Gentiles, drew sentences of up to 15 years...
...have vainly applied to emigrate to Israel. Chiefs of state and religious leaders of every persuasion in the West publicly pleaded for mercy for the eleven. Protest demonstrations were held in most major cities in the U.S. and Europe. Pope Paul VI, in an obvious allusion to both the Leningrad and Burgos trials, deplored "certain judicial proceedings" that "contribute to a sense of anxiety, lamentation and uneasiness in the world." In Washington, Secretary of State William Rogers personally wrote to Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko urging clemency, and the Senate unanimously passed a resolution expressing grave concern about injustices...
Israel appeared seized by grief over the fate of the Leningrad eleven, and by fear of far wider repercussions for all Soviet Jewry. Tens of thousands came to weep at Jerusalem's Wailing Wall, and, at 10:30 a.m. one day last week, the nation stood in silent prayer as air-raid sirens sounded for two electrifying minutes. On Israeli radio. Premier Golda Meir, in a low, emotion-choked voice, charged that "the present Russian regime is continuing in the tradition of murdering innocent Jews that was common in Czarist Russia...
Starting out in Leningrad, Makarova rushed through nine years of ballet training in six years. She rose quickly to top roles-and almost as quickly began to chafe under the hierarchical Kirov system, which she found herself challenging. She describes how she once completely upset a performance of La Bayadere, and made the audience laugh by doing "exactly the opposite to what everyone else was doing." Nevertheless, in 1961, at the age of 20, she made her debut in London as Giselle to general acclaim. She resented that these foreign accolades were never reported by the Russian press...