Word: leningraders
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...least 5 million and possibly as many as 8 million highly trained, well- paid employees staff the thousands of factories, laboratories and offices that plan and produce Soviet weaponry. Almost all the installations are in the Russian republic and the Ukraine, with heavy concentrations in Moscow, Leningrad and the Urals. Production is checked by Gosplan, the central economic planning agency, which operates on directives and specifications from the design bureaus of defense-related ministries. The bureaus, often named for chief designers like Sukhoi, Tupolev, Ilyushin, Mikoyan and Gurevich, are the Soviet equivalent of Boeing and Lockheed...
After parliament abolished the Communist Party's monopoly on political power last year, radical democrats ran for and took control of city councils in the military-industrial bastions of Moscow, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk. Last September, when it looked as if Gorbachev was actually going to abandon central economic planning and accept the so-called 500-Day Plan for a market economy, the military empire struck back...
...world against dictatorship in the Soviet Union, he had some harsh words as well for democrats in his country. "You have dispersed," he complained. "Reformers have slunk into the bushes." So it seemed until last week, when people by the tens of thousands reappeared on the streets of Moscow, Leningrad and other cities to protest military intervention in the Baltics. No event since the advent of perestroika has so polarized Soviet society as the bloodshed in Vilnius. It has widened the chasm between reformers and reactionaries, leaving almost no support for the centrist positions that Gorbachev claims to represent...
...Moscow in November, heard a particularly unnerving -- and unconfirmed -- story. During a Politburo meeting on Nov. 16, an army-KGB-conservative bloc supposedly presented Gorbachev with an ultimatum that Nerlich summarizes this way: "Within six weeks he had to get things under control in the republics, Moscow and Leningrad or there would be physical ways of removing him." Janis Jurkans, foreign minister of the Latvian republic, tells a different story of a November ultimatum. He said last week that 30 days earlier, hard-liners had handed Gorbachev a list of certain "democrats" whom they demanded he remove from office. Jurkans...
Though there is talk of famine and reports of ever longer lines, most / experts agree that while Soviets may suffer, they will not starve this winter. State stores in Moscow and Leningrad are empty of bread, soap, matches, meat. Yet private shops are abundantly stocked and now account for as much as one- half the Soviet food supply, though they charge up to ten times state prices. With the exception of desperately poor areas like Uzbekistan, most regions are managing to feed their people. But the cost is high: nearly everyone is reduced to scavenging and hoarding, rather than working...