Word: leningraders
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...Uspensky's file suggested that he apply for admission to a top diplomatic/military school. But at that point, the lieutenant-colonel was already "sick and tired" of the military and dreamed of launching a career as a writer. As soon as he received his demobilization orders, Uspensky returned to Leningrad to begin a new civilian life...
...gatherings soon grew into an unofficial literary salon. Alexander Ginsberg often joined the discussions and at these sessions Uspensky first met and became friends with many of the men who later led the dissident movement. Sometimes the Russians brought along American students who were studying at the University of Leningrad. Among these was an expert in medieval Russian history--Edward L. Keenan, professor of History and dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences...
...years after his release from the camp, Uspensky lived in self-imposed exile outside of Leningrad. But after Ginsberg's arrest his friends in the dissident movement induced him to begin acting. He started by gathering money to defend the arrested and support their families. Gradually, he became more and more involved in protests, signing letters to the government, and even holding press conferences with foreign journalists. Eventually he participated in the dissident movement at the highest level, working with men like Andrei Sakharov and General Greronko...
Born in St. Petersburg (now Leningrad) in 1904, Kosygin came from modest beginnings. The son of a lathe operator, he held a series of managerial jobs in the Leningrad region, until he began a spectacular rise to power in the late 1930s. Escaping the Great Purge that dispatched millions of others to Stalin's Gulag, he became mayor of Leningrad. By 1939 he had ascended to membership in the ruling Central Committee...
Stalin quickly recognized Kosygin's administrative skills, and promoted him into the Politburo in less than a decade. Soon after, the dictator turned on his protégé during a purge of Leningrad party officials in 1949-1950. Nikita Khrushchev recalled that Kosygin's life "was hanging by a thread. Kosygin must have drawn a lucky lottery ticket." Again, in late 1952, Kosygin's life was in jeopardy when Stalin demoted him and denounced one of his close colleagues...