Word: leninists
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...military buildup does not square with protestations that it is meant to be defensive. Says a State Department expert: "They would like to have an armed force sufficiently strong that they can, with impunity, participate in the subversion of neighboring states. They are, by their own definition, Marxist-Leninist, and it would seem fundamental that they would prefer to see their neighbors in the same bloc...
Perhaps the root of that failure lay in the fundamental incompatibility of Marxism-Leninism with freedom. A Leninist party must assume that it is infallible; it can brook no opposition. That system, as imposed on Poland by the Soviet Union, almost seemed capable of making significant changes during the past 16 months. But the survival instincts of the party and the geopolitical realities facing Poland doomed Walesa's mission...
...under Joseph Stalin. He converted the party into a reflection of his personal will, made the secret police a state within the state, and during World War II became the first political leader to award himself the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. Carrying the logic of Marxist-Leninist vigilance and militancy to grotesque extremes, Stalin presided over the extermination of at least 20 million "class enemies," "enemies of the state," "enemies of the people" and "traitors...
...successors have substituted collective leadership for autocracy and done away with the bloody manifestations of his tyranny. But they have continued to rely heavily on what is essentially a Leninist-Stalinist conception of party and state...
...deepen. Still, the stridently pro-Cuban and pro-Soviet policies of the directorate are not at all what most Nicaraguans had in mind when they welcomed the conquering guerrillas into power in 1979. Ever since then, the Sandinistas have been trying to impose some form of one-party, Marxist-Leninist rule on the country, while pluralistic forces, especially the private business community, are trying to retain free speech, a free press and the right to free assembly...