Word: lessing
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...years. None of the participants had arthritis when the study began, but many of them developed the condition over the next two decades. When the Stanford team tabulated the data, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 2008, it found that the runners' knees were no more or less healthy than the nonrunners' knees. And It didn't seem to matter how much the runners ran. "We have runners who average 200 miles a year and others who average 2,000 miles a year. Their joints are the same," says James Fries, a professor emeritus of medicine at Stanford...
...risk of stress fracture. One method may be to simply strengthen the muscle attached to the bone. In a study published in the December issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, researchers at the University of Minnesota found that among competitive female runners, those with larger calf muscles were less likely than runners with small calf muscles to suffer stress fractures in their shinbones. Why? The stronger the muscle, the greater the force it exerts on the bone; a contracting muscle exerts a bending force on the bone, like a string bending a bow - an interaction that over time makes...
...reason is less air time, researchers say - the less time a runner's feet spend airborne, the less force they strike the ground with. Still, the results of a mathematical model are difficult to re-create in real life, especially since it takes a fair amount of practice to adjust to a shortened stride. Runners who abbreviate their stride try instinctively to quicken their pace to compensate. That can negate any protective effect of stride shortening - when you speed up, the force on the bone increases proportionately...
...Waziristan. Today's it's an active war zone. "We were in Bannu for a very, very long time," says Knox, who excavated there from the mid-1970s to 2001. "We scratched the surface. There's still an enormous amount to do and sites are lost more or less daily. It's almost a free-for-all, particularly in difficult war-like areas...
...cash-strapped Pakistani government doesn't have to spend on preserving antiquities when it has a war to fight. The University of Peshawar's Khan says that there are usually excavations on the outskirts of Peshawar and Taxila, but even he can't go to these sites anymore, much less foreigners. To his knowledge, he said, there are no foreign teams scheduled to come to Pakistan. "We are not taking the risks to bring them to the sites," he says. "We need their help, we need to involve them. But unfortunately, that's not been happening for the last...