Word: leyden
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Lately the struggle toward Absolute Zero has been led by Holland's University of Leyden and the University of California, both of which have tremendous magnets. For the final push they used highly magnetic salts-gadolinium sulphate octahydrate in California, cerium fluoride in Leyden. In 1933 Leyden was within .27° C. of Absolute Zero. Then California got it down to .16°. Then Leyden reached...
...Then in Leyden, Professor W. J. de Haas turned to another magnetic com- pound, containing potassium, chromium, alum. Last week he revealed that he had taken a huge bite from the tiny distance remaining. His compound was .0002° C. above Absolute Zero...
...President von Hindenburg had refused to commute it and told van der Lubbe to make ready for death at dawn. During the night a guillotine was hastily knocked together in the prison courtyard. Meanwhile van der Lubbe, who had written numerous letters from his cell to his family in Leyden, refused to write another after Prosecutor Werner told him he was really going to die.* Just after dawn, Prisoner van der Lubbe was led "without showing the least emotion" out onto the grass of the prison courtyard where he stood with hanging head while his death sentence was read...
...Palestine, where the American Jewish Physicians' Committee and Hadassah (women's Zionist organiza- tion) hope to build a hospital and medical school. German refugees would have staff opportunities with both. Bernhard Zondek, Berlin gynecologist who helped devise a positive test for pregnancy, has invitations from Stockholm and Leyden. Safely back in Manhattan, where he is a naturalized U. S. citizen, is Gustav Bucky, Berlin cancer specialist. Another able medical emigre in Manhattan is Professor Leopold Lichtwitz, authority on metabolism. A group of Manhattan doctors is warily looking for other able German-Jews to bring into U. S. Medicine...
...before by compressing helium gas and drawing off the heat of compression. This procedure brought them to - 451.84° F. when the helium gas turned liquid, to -457.6° F. when liquid helium turned solid. By compression and rapid cooling evaporation Professor William Hendrik Keesom of the University of Leyden last year reduced solid helium to -458.142° F. That seemed the ultimate, for Absolute Zero is theoretically unattainable...