Word: leyden
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Godwin and Walker obtain their very bright, very brief flash by discharging 38,000 volts through a vacuum tube filled with mercury vapor at one-twentieth of atmospheric pressure. The voltage source is an X-ray apparatus and the current is stored in a 20-unit Leyden jar condenser...
Born in Rome 37 years ago, Enrico Fermi was introduced to the atom at the University of Pisa, continued his acquaintance with it at Göttingen and Leyden, joined the University of Rome faculty in 1927. Short, wiry, dapper and cheerful, he has visited the U. S. several times, speaks heavily accented English, likes skiing, tennis. Some time ago Benito Mussolini, who is not insensitive to the prestige of Italian science, saw to it that Fermi got a fine new laboratory...
Three major centres of world research in cryogenics are: the University of Leyden in Holland, Oxford University in England, the University of California in the U. S. In California the work is directed by handsome, dapper William Francis Giauque, who first devised the method of cooling magnetic salts closer to absolute zero than had previously been done. His method makes use of the principle that magnetization heats matter, demagnetization chills it. After preliminary cooling with liquid helium, the salt is magnetized, the heat thus generated drawn off into a jacket filled with helium vapor; then demagnetization pushes the substance down...
...world record low is held not by Dr. Giauque but by the Dutch scientists in Leyden, who have used his system and reached the astounding figure of .0044°. One reason for this is that the Leyden researchers work with magnetic fields up to 27,600 gauss (magnetic units), whereas Dr. Giauque must get along with 8,000 gauss until his university finds the money to string bigger power lines into his lab oratory. Another reason is that Giauque does not regard the pursuit of absolute zero as a competitive stunt, but as a means of studying entropy...
...CHESS FANS. This was no arrant sensationalism. Dutchman Max Euwe, chess champion of the world, was defending his title against One-time Champion Alexandre Alekhine. The move in question occurred in Haarlem during the sixth game of a 30-game peregrinating match (played in The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, Delft). Dr. Alekhine opened with a queen's gambit and was met by a Slav defense. On his sixth move Dr. Alekhine suddenly offered to sacrifice a knight. Dr. Euwe nibbled his fingers and stared at the board, nonplussed. A sacrifice so early in the game, in that position...