Word: life-support
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...then Realpolitik may hold the key to the future of manned space flight-and future prosperity of NASA itself. Sputnik spawned Apollo, and Soviet competition can be expected to spur other U.S. space ventures. Several Russians have recently emerged from a sealed chamber with self-contained life-support systems, after a year-the duration of a manned voyage to Mars. Moreover, NASA officials claim that Soviet scientists may soon unveil a rocket big enough to fly directly from earth to the moon, land and take off again. Such brute-force spacemanship might convince the U.S. that, as Von Braun maintains...
Khrunov and Eliseev entered the work compartment of their two-room ship and sealed it off from Volynov in the crew's quarters. In the other spacecraft, Shatalov sealed off his own control room. After donning new spacesuits that have individual life-support systems, Khrunov and Eliseev emerged from Soyuz 5 and space-walked across to Soyuz 4. They entered the work compartment, sealed its outside hatch behind them, brought up the pressure and then opened the compartment to join Shatalov...
Tass, the Russian news agency, has confirmed that both Zonds were preparatory shots for a manned flight and carried living creatures to test radiation effects near the moon. U.S. scientists suspect that Cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy successfully tested life-support systems for a manned lunar mission during the earth-orbit flight of Soyuz-3. If so, a Soviet lunar spacecraft may finally be man-rated-ready to carry passengers to the moon in December...
...planned and executed, however, the December flight of Apollo 8 will involve some chilling perils. Besides anticipating the kinds of problems that could occur in a simple near-earth orbital flight, lunar-mission planners must plan realistically for troubles that would be magnified by sheer distance from earth. Should life-support or power systems begin to fail on earth-orbital flights, astronauts are usually within half an hour to three hours of recovery on land or water; a relatively small thrust from a retrorocket can lower their orbit into the atmosphere, where friction provides the additional braking necessary to return...
They conducted scores of experiments, produced the first U.S. live TV shows from space and rendezvoused with their discarded Saturn 4B booster (see color pictures). More important, by checking out Apollo's control, navigation, communications and life-support systems, they confirmed that the craft was completely spaceworthy. If no unexpected difficulties are uncovered as technicians decipher the mountain of data that ac cumulated during the flight, an Apollo 8 crew composed of Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders may be sent into orbit around the moon with in as little as six weeks...