Word: lifes
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Ever since Stanford University began teaching medicine in 1909, its students have led an academic double life. At the university campus in Palo Alto, they learned anatomy, biochemistry, microbiology and physiology. At the 237-bed San Francisco Stanford Hospital on Clay and Webster Streets, 35 miles away, they studied pharmacology and pathology, did their clinical work under a topflight, largely volunteer staff of local physicians and surgeons, long rated as one of the best in the country...
Gradually, the idea of flames became associated with the life of the wicked in their part of Sheol. Jesus, says Life and Death, used this as a figure of speech in the parable of Dives and Lazarus, and he was not threatening his hearers with fearful torment so much as reminding them that life is set within a divine order in which man reaps the harvest of his deeds. "We have no right," says the committee, "on the basis of this parable, to go further than this and interpret Hell as the place of everlasting fiery torment...
...running a considerable risk. Fear of the eternal fire, they hold, helps to make people behave. Last week the powerful United Church of Canada, a union of Canada's Methodists, Congregationalists and some Presbyterians, seemed willing to take this chance. Its Committee on Christian Faith published a booklet, Life and Death, that repudiates the fire and brimstone of the traditionalists' Hell...
...popular language Hell is the place of dreadful punishment . . . Is this how we should think of Hell?" Not at all, says Life and Death. The Bible uses the word Hell to translate the Hebrew Sheol and the Greek Hades, which were underworld places where all the dead lived shadowy, unsubstantial, joyless lives; at least at first, Sheol or Hades was not considered a place of punishment or torment. Gradually, the idea developed that there was a difference between the life of the righteous and the life of the wicked in Sheol. The part where the wicked dwelt was called Gehenna...
...hours. By 1953, it was obvious that something had gone wrong: of almost 150 worker-priests, some 20 had married and left the church while others had joined Communist unions or Redline causes. Pope Pius XII sternly limited les prêtres-ouvriers to three hours of factory life a day, but only a handful submitted; others left the church, and only 25 continued in their mission, eventually won limited approval from their bishops...