Word: lightly
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...bluish glow where gamma rays from radium were striking through water in a flask. The glow was exceedingly faint, and a less curious man might have put it aside as ordinary fluorescence, which is given off by many materials when struck by gamma rays. But Cherenkov's mysterious light proved to be strongly polarized, had a continuous (rainbow-like) spectrum, and was given off predominantly in the direction of the gamma rays...
...senior, Igor Tamm (who studied at Edinburgh and speaks English with a Scottish burr), became interested, worked out a strange but correct theory. When gamma rays pass through water, they hit electrons, and the impact bumps the electrons up to high velocities. The electrons do not move faster than light in a vacuum (186,000 m.p.sec., the Einsteinian speed limit of the universe), but they do move faster than light in water, 140,000 m.p.sec. For exceeding the local speed limit, the electrons are "fined" a part of their energy, which shows up as Cherenkov radiation. Something analogous happens when...
This led to the development of an extremely important modern instrument: the Cherenkov counter. It is made of some transparent substance such as Lucite. When a proton, electron or other charged particle enters it at a speed that is greater than the speed of light in the material, Cherenkov radiation is given off. Its angle (like the angle of a ship's bow wave) depends on the speed of the particle. When the angle is measured by a photomultiplier tube, the speed of the particles can be determined...
Faced with a dais of sharpshooting comedians, frozen-faced Ed Sullivan himself is separated from a smile or two, notably when Friar "Abbot" Joe E. Lewis describes him as the "only fellow who can light a room up-just by leaving it." The smile actually broadens a bit when M.C. Jack Carter snaps back: "Lewis is more than a Friar. He's really a stewing chicken." Between Rocky Graziano's remote snuffles and Jack E. Leonard's belligerent groans, the show seldom slows down. Comedian Joey Bishop's brief speech moves the audience to a fine...
...guess is that it came to Briggs in states. When he first read the letter from Greg's lawyaer, he must have said something like 'Jesus, Lord!,' but on thinking it over he could see there were real advantages. And he can make the others see the light...