Word: line
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...arboretum's land--265 acres that are three blocks from the T's Arborway stop on the green line--is owned by the city of Boston but is leased by Harvard for the nominal fee of $1 per year. The property houses more than 7,000 kinds of trees, shrubs and other plants...
Some of these advisers also seem convinced that what forced the Soviet Union to begin mending its aggressive, repressive ways was U.S. pressure of the past 40 years, so no change in U.S. policy is in order now. This line of argument underestimates the internal origins of Soviet reform. Gorbachev is not so much saying "uncle" to Uncle Sam as he is addressing the failures of the Leninist-Stalinist system. Moreover, he is doing so in a way that is earning him worldwide credit for being flexible and forward-looking, while the U.S. is in danger of appearing sluggish...
...Malevich invented himself with astonishing speed. Between 1905, the year he moved to Moscow, and 1915, he ran through the gamut of early modernist styles, from pointillism to cubism. Early works like Floor Polishers, 1911-12, show his assimilative powers: this gripping image of hard labor, where every line reinforces the muscular twist of bodies and the thrust of the feet with their waxing pads on the floor, ultimately derives from Matisse's Dance. Troglodytic, pious and massive, Malevich's figures of peasants from the '20s both assert modernity and deny...
...Party lines, like glaciers, do move. But for Soviet artists, glasnost seems more like a whirlpool of possibilities, most of them still anxiously hypothetical. The artists have had to learn not to be optimists. Fifteen years ago, Leonid Brezhnev's officials sent plainclothes militia and bulldozers to break up and bury an outdoor show of unofficial art in Sokolniki, a park on the outskirts of Moscow. This goons' picnic would not be repeated today. The socialist realist line, imposed by Stalin after 1929 and kept to the end of Brezhnev's reign, held that a work of art should fulfill...
...moment, only a tiny minority have aired such views. But they illustrate an ancient dilemma that Gorbachev may soon confront: once people are allowed to voice long-forbidden thoughts, how do you get them to stop short of some line that the state considers safe...