Word: linke
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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From the day he first handled one in college in 1948, Robert Noyce knew the new gadget meant the end of balky, bulky vacuum tubes. But he also realized you couldn't do much with transistors until you could link them together, like fibers in an Oriental rug. To everyone's astonishment, the gifted young man from Grinnell, Iowa--a minister's son--achieved that goal in a decade. His integrated circuit, or microchip, not only helped rename an orchard-filled California valley but also led to a seemingly endless harvest of silicon devices, from PCs to coffeemakers...
Building on ideas that were current in software design at the time, Berners-Lee fashioned a kind of "hypertext" notebook. Words in a document could be "linked" to other files on Berners-Lee's computer; he could follow a link by number (there was no mouse to click back then) and automatically pull up its related document. It worked splendidly in its solipsistic, Only-On-My-Computer...
...computer? First he would need that person's permission, and then he would have to do the dreary work of adding the new material to a central database. An even better solution would be to open up his document--and his computer--to everyone and allow them to link their stuff to his. He could limit access to his colleagues at CERN, but why stop there? Open it up to scientists everywhere! Let it span the networks! In Berners-Lee's scheme there would be no central manager, no central database and no scaling problems. The thing could grow like...
...problem is this in the real world? "Rarely is there a moment when a hacker isn't trying to get into our networks," says a senior Microsoft executive. "People go looking for that weak link." Recently hackers found a backdoor through a user in Europe--an administrator, no less--with a blank password. This allowed the hacker root access--the ability to change everyone else's password, jump onto other systems and mess up the payroll file...
PASS THE BUTTER? Eating lots of dietary fat, while unhealthy for the heart, probably won't increase a woman's risk of breast cancer. The purported link between fat intake and breast cancer has been controversial for years. But last week a new study on 90,000 women concluded that even long-term indulgence in fatty foods will not harm the breast. All types of fat, including saturated, are off the hook...