Word: liquid-fuel
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...liquid-fuel Titans became part of the U.S. nuclear arsenal in 1963 and were supposed to be replaced in 1971. They probably will not be phased out until the Air Force begins deploying the mobile MX missile, perhaps ten years from now. Air Force Secretary Hans Mark told the House Armed Services Committee last week that age was not a factor in the accident. Said he: "It could have happened on the first day of deployment." But Retired Air Force General Robert Richardson, an advocate of higher defense spending, disagrees. He told TIME: "The original specifications did not call...
...incidents reopened the debate over the safety of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, particularly of the 54 liquid-fuel Titan II missiles, which date from 1963; 18 of them are based in Arkansas, the rest in Arizona and Kansas. Air Force Secretary Hans Mark, a rocketry expert, insists that the Titans are not obsolete and are "a perfectly safe system to operate," despite 40 mishaps in ten years, two of them resulting in deaths or injuries. At the very least, Democratic Senator David Pryor of Arkansas demanded, the Air Force should set up a more effective warning system for Titan...
...windmill-shaped instrument package called Mariner 9-will begin a series of crucial maneuvers. Acting on preprogrammed commands sent from the huge, 210-ft. Goldstone tracking antenna in California's Mojave Desert, Mariner's onboard computer will ignite the spacecraft's small liquid-fuel engine for a precise 15-minute "burn," reducing the ship's velocity from about 11,000 m.p.h. to just over 8,000 m.p.h. As it slows down, Mariner will be captured by Martian gravity, thereby becoming the first man-made object to go into orbit around another planet. The three previous...
RUSSIA'S Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky (left) never built a rocket, but by 1898 he had worked out the basic principles of rocket dynamics. America's Robert Hutchings Goddard (right) launched the world's first liquid-fuel rocket in 1926 and patented 214 devices and parts, most of them essential to the operation of modern rocket engines. Germany's Hermann Oberth (center) popularized the idea of space travel as a real possibility in his 1923 bestseller The Rocket into Planetary Space, and his writing helped inspire Germany to early prominence in the field...
...rocket and its designers eventually helped launch both the U.S. and the Russian missile programs, as well as the moon race that was to follow. Even today's liquid-fuel rockets are simply highly evolved descendants of that original...