Word: liquid-fuel
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...test failures before they get a success, U.S. missilemen were jubilant when the giant Titan II climbed off its pad at Cape Canaveral on the very first try, lit its second stage exactly on schedule and flew a flawless course to the target 5,000 miles away. No big liquid-fuel rocket has ever scored such an immediate triumph...
...What makes Titan II unique is a storable fuel that requires no lox (liquid oxygen) and enables the missile to be ready to fire at a moment's notice. Lox, which is used in the Atlas and Titan I, is cheap and an efficient oxidizer, but its extreme cold ( - 297°F.) and its eagerness to boil away make it troublesome and unreliable. Instead of this chemical bad actor, Titan II uses nitrogen tetroxide as an oxidizer and a mixture of hydrazine and UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine) as fuel. Both are liquids that can be stored for long periods...
Standard weapon of U.S. nuclear submarines, the Polaris burns solid fuel, and it cannot be steered, as liquid-fuel rockets are, by swiveling the whole combustion chamber. Instead, Polarises now at sea use jetavators-movable nozzles inserted in their jet streams to deflect them and thus keep the rocket on course. No one likes jetavators; they are inherently troublesome, and their drag on the fast-moving jet stream soaks up precious thrust power even when they...
...Atlas liquid-fuel rocket that put the capsule in orbit had been a cause of concern in Project Mercury because of two disastrous earlier failures. But last week's Atlas was beefed up for its job, and it performed perfectly; the MA4 accelerated surely into its planned orbit. Strapped in the capsule instead of a man sat an oblong box that performed most of an astronaut's functions: it consumed oxygen, excreted carbon dioxide and water vapor, and it also talked-feeding the recorded voice of NASA Communications Engineer Howard Kyle into a microphone to test the Mercury...
...m.p.h., long-range interceptors comparable to U.S. F-104 and F106 fighters. But one of the Russian planes had a new twist unlike anything in the U.S. hardware field: a liquid-fuel rocket booster under its tail, designed to give it tremendous, straight-up climbing power and speed in a pinch...