Word: lites
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...century. Under Saddam, communal hostilities in Iraq were suppressed, their very existence denied. Beneath the surface, though, relations between the two sects have always been tainted by prejudice and discrimination. Although Shi'ites make up the majority in Iraq, the country was long ruled by a Sunni élite, often under the patronage of a foreign power, like the Ottoman and British empires. Sunnis historically had a monopoly on the best education and jobs, especially in government and the military. As a result, many Sunnis see themselves as Iraq's natural ruling class, and the Shi'ites as poor, superstitious...
Once you get past Google, it's hard to think of a major American institution that is as successful as Harvard. Like the other élite private universities, only more so, Harvard, having started as a tiny colonial school for ministers, has become enormous and rich. It is renowned all over the world. It isn't exactly a business, but if it were, its ability to raise its prices and see demand consistently increase would be remarkable. General Motors would love to have Harvard's magic brand identity and inexhaustible customer loyalty...
...about institutions that would seem to be thriving? The success of big universities and their malaise are connected. They serve an array of constituencies that want--and get--profoundly different things from them, and it is nearly impossible to generate agreement about their central purpose. Along with other élite schools, Harvard in the late 19th and early 20th centuries transformed itself into a "research university" with a tenured faculty whose members were scholars first and teachers second. Research became the university's core purpose, and the faculty is the most powerful constituency, the one Summers ran afoul of. Senior...
...even people at Renault don't like it?" Blunt talk such as that is rare in corporate France, but Ghosn is used to breaking molds. Born in Brazil to Lebanese parents and raised in Beirut, he studied in Paris and graduated from the élite Ecole Polytechnique. In 1978 he went to work for tiremaker Michelin, eventually heading the group's South American operations, based in Brazil, before taking over the North American operations. Recruited to the lossmaking Renault in 1996, Ghosn undertook a three-year cost-cutting campaign, ultimately saving the company over j3 billion - and allowing...
...roaring economy swells the ranks of the ultrarich, weddings have become prime occasions for India's élite to show off their fortunes. Even the most skinflint shindigs run to a few hundred guests, several days of feasts and, occasionally, near bankruptcy for the hosts. In early 2004, for instance, the boss of the Sahara conglomerate, Subrata Roy, flew some 10,000 guests aboard 26 planes to Lucknow, in northern India, for a $128 million double-wedding party for his two sons. "People want to make a statement, present an image," says Vikas Gutgutia, head of the wedding-planning company...