Word: lithium
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...John Douglas Cockroft and E. T. S. Walton performed the first artificial nuclear disintegrations. Using protons (hydrogen nuclei) speeded up in a high-voltage combination of transformers, rectifiers and condensers, Cockroft and his co-worker split lithium atoms, created helium...
...Brussels was Britain's gruff, burly Lord Ernest Rutherford, great formulator of the atom's electrical structure, revered director of Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory. Also on hand was one of Rutherford's imaginative young workers, John Douglas Cockroft, who was at that time splitting lithium atoms by hurling protons at them. Cockroft energized his protons with high voltages obtained by transformers, rectifiers and condensers...
...Saratoga springs spurt supercharged soda water. The kind named Geyser contains bicarbonates of sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron It is antacid, aids digestion, relieves gastric distress. Other Saratoga waters contain chlorides of sodium (table salt), potassium, lithium, ammonium. The kind called Coesa is a mild laxative; the kind called Hathorn, a vigorous cathartic. Dr. Baruch after drinking "not wisely but too well, learned a lesson which I have often taught others -that these waters must be prescribed with care...
...Paris the Jean Frederic Joliots (daughter & son-in-law of Mme Marie Sklodowska Curie) projected alpha particles at lithium atoms. From each collision they recovered a boron atom and a neutron, which together weighed more than the original lithium atom and alpha particle. Dr. Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge of the Bartol Research Foundation showed that the additional weight must have come from the energy which propelled the alpha particle at the lithium atom...
From the kinetic energy of the alpha particle which hit the lithium atom, argued Dr. Bainbridge. Where others only surmised, the Curie-Joliots actually saw energy turning into matter, saw E equalling...