Word: lithograph
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...artists have recorded so searingly the anguish of their time, for almost every drawing or lithograph Kathe Kollwitz produced turned out to be a cry of pain. Last week, in honor of what would have been her 95th birthday-she died in 1945 -the East Berlin Academy of the Arts had on view 106 of her works, all but a few in stark black and white. Since she had spoken so lovingly of the proletariat, the Communists have tried to make much of her, but their stern and sterile ideology would hardly have found comfort in Köthe Kollwitz...
There has always been about lithography a touch of sorcery, and perhaps no man has ever described this more succinctly than Goethe in 1823. Shown some lithographs of a poem he had jotted down only an hour before, he wrote in astonishment. "This is my handwriting-and yet, it isn't." Though a form of reproduction, the lithograph retains all the life and spontaneity of the artist's original design...
Last week, in a glass-covered court and adjoining gallery of the Bavarian State Graphic Collection, originally designed by Adolf Hitler himself as an annex to the Nazi Brown House, one of the most com prehensive lithograph exhibitions ever assembled opened in Munich. There were Munchs and Noldes. Daumiers and Lautrecs, Chagalls and Picassos. But the real star of the show was one of Munich's own sons. His works are a bit clumsy, and he was not really much of an artist. Johann Nepomuk Franz Aloys Senefelder, born in 1771, was lithography's inventor...
...arabic, and then covered the surface with ink. The water-resistant crayon markings took the ink. but the moisture elsewhere repelled it. Senefelder could now transfer his de sign to paper in a simple hand press, though the wetting and inking had to be repeated for each lithograph made...
...Handbook of Stone Printing, he told all his secrets, and thus, just as Gutenberg fathered the great industry of printing from type, Senefelder gave the world the basic process widely used in offset printing (though now usually from zinc plates rather than stone). But beyond its commercial uses, the lithograph has been especially dear to the artist. Through this medium, he can spread his message wide and yet know that no matter how many copies are made, each lithograph will retain his personal touch...