Word: livelihoods
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Icons of Youth. Such magnificence is a far cry from the provincial Russian ghetto town of Vitebsk in which Chagall grew up, the eldest among eight sisters and one brother. To support the family, his father manhandled herring barrels for a livelihood. Life was harsh in Vitebsk, but he remembers his father, who changed his name from Segal to Chagal (Marc added the second l for euphony in French), as a good provider, a "simple heart, poetic and muted." Sheltered by the Jewish commandment against graven images, the young dreamer never saw so much as a drawing until...
...punishment should fit the crime was the bedrock principle of Magna Carta's Chapter 20, which declared that "a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offense," and required that no fine be so stiff "as to deprive him of his livelihood." Chapters 28 through 31 insisted that no government official might requisition food, troops, horses or carts without immediate payment: this is the seed of the "just compensation" clause in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution...
...precaution against the possibility that her verse might not produce an instant livelihood, she took a job teaching English in a junior high school in New Rochelle, 17 miles north of New York City. She sold a few verses to The New Yorker, then got a plaintive note from Fiction Editor Katherine White: "Dear Miss McGinley: We are buying your poem, but why do you sing the same sad songs all lady poets sing?" Phyllis took the hint, began turning out light and amusing verse...
...joined with South Africa in a customs union, uses South African currency, and in the past has cooperated in transportation, trade, health and general development with Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd's regime. Indeed, some 30,000 Bechuanas depend on employment in the South African gold fields for a livelihood...
...Shuman raised the roof with his hardest-hitting attack yet on the role of Government in agriculture. "No self-respecting farmer wants to become a member of a permanently subsidized peasantry," he stormed, but "farmers already are far down the road in their dependence on Government payments for their livelihood." Just how far, Shuman made plain. Nearly 20% of this year's $12 billion in net farm income, or about $2.1 billion, he said, came in the form of direct payments from the federal treasury. For Shuman's money, this places farmers "in the role of beggars beseeching...