Word: livers
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Virtually ignored in the reports from the scene was the fact that Soviet physicians and Gale tried a controversial new technique on six of the most severely irradiated Chernobyl workers: fetal-cell surgery. In a desperate attempt to reconstitute the blood-forming tissues of these victims, the doctors transplanted liver cells from human fetuses aborted in the first months of pregnancy...
...boarding house where she and her father stay and where Billy has fallen a wee bit behind in paying the bills. After this rude assault, Ellen has an insight about her corporeal self and that of women in general: "A Female Body is not just a piece of liver from the butcher . . . It is more like a musical instrument made of flesh and blood that has music waiting inside it but only for properly trained hands to coax out. Make the bastards learn...
...production of a particular protein, and the other, a sort of regulatory switch, turns the protein-producing mechanism on and off. In the human body, as in all organisms, every cell contains the complete genetic code and, in theory, has the potential to serve any function. A liver cell has the instructions necessary to grow hair, for example, and a bone cell to transmit information as a nerve does. The reason these things do not happen is that the instructions -- the genes -- are switched on only under very specific conditions. If researchers can fuse the firefly gene to specific plant...
Many of these chronic viruses are now being linked to cancer. A landmark study conducted in Taiwan between 1975 and 1978 by Dr. R. Palmer Beasley, now at the University of California, San Francisco, found a striking connection between chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer, a leading killer in the Third World. "Someone infected with hepatitis B has 100 times the normal risk of developing liver cancer," says Beasley, "and that's being conservative." The Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with a couple of types of cancer. In Central Africa and New Guinea, it has been linked...
...does not always lead to malignant growth. In fact, that happens infrequently. Explains M.I.T. Biologist Nancy Hopkins: "Cancer arises from a number of insults to the DNA. Viruses are one insult. They start the process rolling." Years usually elapse between infection and the development of a related cancer. When liver cancer strikes a hepatitis carrier, for example, it generally does so 30 to 50 years after the victim was first infected. These long delays, Zur Hausen observes, "suggest the need for other events besides infection to occur in order to progress to cancer...