Word: livestock
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Ever since, Communist Gomulka has been trying vainly to lure the peasants back into what his government calls "cooperatives." Biggest lures: fat, long-term loans to any group that wants to socialize itself; cut-rate machinery and fertilizer, plus state money to buy livestock and state land if needed. As a result, 499 collectives were formed in 1958-but in the same year 470 were dissolved. Typical example: five farmers near Warsaw announced that they intended to form a cooperative farm. The government lent them funds to buy pigs and offered land to raise them on. Starting with eight brood...
...cagey, determined peasantry on one side and the knowledge that Nikita Khrushchev must think this is a poor way to run a socialist country, Gomulka must do a delicate dance. Just before his Moscow trip last fall, he proclaimed that renewed collectivization "is inevitable." Immediately, private farmers began slaughtering livestock to avoid being forced to turn it over to the state. They sold so many calves on the open market that Poland, glutted with meat in 1958, faces a meat shortage...
...desperate effort to stop the trend, the government announced last week that it would pay up to 36% higher prices for compulsory livestock deliveries. But the government's prices are still far below the free market prices. Gomulka is caught in a dilemma: he cannot go on as a leader of a socialist country whose farm sector is only 1% socialist; yet every time he breathes too strongly in the socialist direction, the peasantry resists...
...binding style, Nikita tried to turn a defensive outburst into a strident success story, covering 6½ pages of Pravda. When he took over five years ago, he said, Soviet agriculture was in "a very bad state," its grain output so low that cities suffered from bread shortages, its livestock population dying by the millions for lack of fodder. Only the year before, Malenkov, "to conceal the failures under his direction," had "dishonestly" put out "humbug" figures purporting to show that the country had produced 145 million tons of grain, when in cold fact it had harvested no more than...
Work in fields and Bible study in his hut occupy most of his time, though Baar relieves the routine by reading farm magazines, working with livestock, playing with German Shepherd dogs that he is breeding as future Seeing Eye dogs for blind patients. Sometimes he paddles in the sea in a native canoe or chugs by outboard motorboat to nearby Talampulan, where he can talk to the 13 U.S. coast guardsmen stationed there. When Christmas comes, Baar will spend the day at Talampulan, for he feels that he will be better prepared to carry on his lonely life...