Word: lobe
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Pittsburgh. Soon after arriving in Iraq he was injured. "We were told by his doctors that the piece of shrapnel had gone under his goggles," says Jeremy?s brother Shaun, "and basically played ping-pong in his head? and he had damage to both sides of his frontal lobe." One tangible memorial to his injuries is a sign near his home: Blind Person Area. A more significant tribute is the work Feldbusch has done in raising awareness of the 19.000 U.S. soldiers wounded in Iraq...
...fishapod appears to be a crucial link in the long chain that over time led to amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs, birds and mammals. Indeed, Tiktaalik roseae, the official name bestowed on the fishapod (in the language of the local Inuit, tiktaalik means "large fish in stream"), falls anatomically between the lobe-finned fish Panderichthys, found in Latvia in the 1920s, and primitive tetrapods like Acanthostega, whose full fossil was recovered in Greenland not quite two decades...
...basis of a new food chain. Bacteria, fungi and small arthropods (the animal group that includes crustaceans and insects) moved in to feed on the debris; small fish moved in to eat the arthropods; bigger fish moved in to eat the small fish. Among them were the fishapod's lobe-finned ancestors, which found in the vegetation-clogged shallows abundant food and relative safety from predators...
...depends on how and when the genes are turned on by a segment of DNA that acts like a switch. Fish have a version of that switch too. For example, Zebrafish (ray-finned fish that split off from the lineage that led to lobe-fins early in the Devonian) have only part of the sequence, whereas coelacanths (lobe-fins closely related to lungfish) have a lot more of it. And the fishapod, presumably, had even more...
...This article consists of a complex illustration. Please see hardcopy of magazine.] Source: Neil Shubin, University of Chicago 380 million years ago BEFORE TIKTAALIK Lobe-finned fish had forelimbs suitable for moving in water but not on land 375 million years ago TIKTAALIK The forelimbs had the beginnings of fingers and a wrist, wrapped inside a fin 360 million years ago AFTER TIKTAALIK Tetrapod forelimbs have wrists and digits used for crawling on land [This article consists of a complex illustration. Please see hardcopy of magazine...