Word: locarno
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...committees on Germany-probably comprising the Big Four Foreign Ministers and the Germans-the U.S. will not yield to the Soviet call for a neutralized state. Nor does the U.S. intend to let itself be drawn into Sir Winston Churchill's original notion of "a new Locarno pact," for that would involve a formal new U.S. guarantee for the Communist frontiers...
...reiterated British insistence that any Western plans for Asia must wait on India's Nehru, then launched a new proposal for an international guarantee for any Indo-Chinese settlement, "a reciprocal arrangement in which both sides take part, such as Locarno [see box]." Said Eden...
...Locarno is a name with golden memories to Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden. It is a pretty Swiss town on Lake Maggiore where in the fall of 1925, on the initiative of British Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain (half brother of Neville), the Western European Allies of World War I (Britain, Italy, France, Belgium) met with their old enemy, Germany. There Germany, then a republic, joined in collective guarantees of its Versailles Treaty borders with France and Belgium. Britain undertook to fight Germany if Germany attacked either France or Belgium, and to fight France or Belgium if either attacked Germany-thus...
...Locarno was universally hailed; Britain's Chamberlain, France's Briand and Germany's Stresemann all got Nobel Peace Prizes. For a decade, statesmen spoke glowingly of the "spirit of Locarno." Germans were delighted: "Germany, which two years ago was isolated, spurned beneath the victors' heels, and seemed the poorest ragamuffin in Europe, today . . . becomes a factor of might once more," crowed the Berliner Tageblatt. Reassured by German pledges of good behavior, 1) Britain and France withdrew all occupation forces from the Rhineland, which Germany promised solemnly to leave demilitarized; 2) the League of Nations admitted Germany...
...world's swift and calamitous change-the Depression, the rise of Hitler -passed Locarno by. In 1936 Hitler broke the pact by sending German troops into the Rhineland. Neither France nor Britain moved a muscle. Anthony Eden, then as now Britain's Foreign Secretary, while admitting that his confidence in Germany's word had been "profoundly shaken," told the House of Commons: "There is, I am thankful to say, no reason to suppose that the present German action implies a threat of hostilities. The German government speak ... of their 'unchangeable longing for a real pacification...