Word: logicality
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Harvard really buys into the logic of the Core Curriculum, they would try to make it a little easier for students to fulfill," Kennedy said...
Despite such successes, fuzzy logic was not well received in the U.S. Scientists pointed out that uncertainty and vagueness could be represented perfectly well by more traditional means, like statistics or probability theory. Some of the criticism bordered on the vituperative, and the tenets of fuzzy logic were dismissed with terms ranging from "comical" to "content- free...
...Japanese, however, showed no such resistance, perhaps because their culture is not so deeply rooted in scientific rationalism. Says Bart Kosko, a Zadeh protege and a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California: "Fuzziness begins where Western logic ends." In the early '80s several Japanese firms plunged enthusiastically into fuzzy research. By 1985 Hitachi had installed the technology's most celebrated showpiece: a subway system in Sendai, about 200 miles north of Tokyo, that is operated by a fuzzy computer. Not only does it give an astonishingly smooth ride (passengers do not need to hang...
Japanese researchers are pursuing more than 100 new applications for fuzzy logic. Nissan has patented fuzzy auto transmission and antiskid braking , systems. Yamaichi Securities has introduced a fuzzy stock-market investment program for signaling shifts in market sentiment. Canon is working on a fuzzy auto-focus camera. Matsushita has delivered a fuzzy automobile-traffic controller, and is about to unveil a fuzzy shower system that adjusts to changes in water temperature to prevent morning scaldings. And in the strongest endorsement of the technology to date, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry opened the Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering Research...
...totally out of the fuzzy picture yet. A small firm in Irvine, Calif., Togai InfraLogic, has already achieved several of the goals MITI set for itself, including a fuzzy computer chip that can perform 28,600 fuzzy-logical inferences per sec. (FLIPS). And NASA is experimenting with fuzzy controllers that could help astronauts pilot the shuttle in earth orbit. The results so far, say NASA officials, are encouraging, and there is growing interest at such aerospace firms as Rockwell and Boeing. "The only barrier remaining" to wider use of fuzzy logic, says Kosko, "is the philosophical resistance of the West...