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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Russians failed to clarify-and perhaps do not know-whether the signals stopped after the capsule reached the Venusian surface or while it was still descending, leaving open the possibility that even higher temperatures exist at lower altitudes. (Data recorded by Mariner 2 in 1962 and by radiotelescope observations have indicated Venusian surface temperatures as high as 800° F.) In any event, there seems little doubt that extreme heat finally silenced the capsule, either by damaging its parachute and causing it to plunge to destruction or simply by frying its electronic components...
Frigid Mud. By chilling electronic equipment to cryogenic temperatures, scientists have already been able to reduce troublesome background noise caused by the random movement of atoms within metallic circuit components; the atoms are literally subdued by lower temperatures. Cryogenically cooled infra-red detectors used in astronomy, aerial mapping and antiaircraft missiles are many more times sensitive to heat than those operated at normal temperatures...
...foreign steel products by as much as 40%. South Carolina's Democratic Senator Ernest Rollings meanwhile got 68 Senate cosponsors for a bill that would reduce imports of textiles from 2.7 billion sq. yds. a year to 1.7 billion sq. yds. In all, the seven bills would lower imports on a range of products including beef, mutton, veal, mink skins, zinc, footwear, oil, watches and dairy products. Even liberal Senators, under badgering from home, seemed sympathetic. Wisconsin Democrat William Proxmire sided with the dairy interests. Both Kennedys agreed to sponsor quota measures opposed to the spirit of the Kennedy...
...purchases. Both consequences will tend to slow Britain's recovery from recession. Continental bankers predicted that the British action will lift the cost of short-term borrowing, but voiced guarded confidence that other European central banks will be able to resist retaliating with increases in their own much lower rates (3% in Switzerland and West Germany, 3½% in Italy and France, 4½% in The Netherlands...
...Most chemical companies reported a disappointing quarter. Du Pont, with a 1% decrease in sales to $763 million and an 18% decline in earnings to $74,330,000, blamed the downturn primarily on "sluggishness in the civilian sector of the economy." Union Carbide, anticipating lower sales and earnings also, attributed the drop to a major expansion program now under...