Word: lowered
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Lower back pain, as prevalent as the common cold, is the price human beings pay for walking upright. In most cases, simple treatments like bed rest, exercise and pain-killers bring relief. But many sufferers are not so lucky. If one or more of their spinal disks -- pulpy masses that cushion pairs of vertebrae -- rupture and press on nerve roots, the pain that radiates from the back and down the legs can be excruciating and disabling. For many the only treatment is surgical removal of part of the blown disk, a major operation called a laminectomy that requires general anesthesia...
...undisputed hero in the 1980s has been that footloose, creative pathfinder the entrepreneur. At a time when corporate America often seemed incapable of daring innovation, the likes of Apple Computer's Steve Jobs and Microsoft's Bill Gates forged breakthroughs in semiconductors, software and personal computers. Even in lower-tech fields, such risk takers as Domino's Pizza Founder Tom Monaghan demonstrated an impressive ability to create new products and services that no dominant corporation could match. "This has been a great age to be living in if you're an entrepreneur," exclaims Alfred Rappaport, a Northwestern University business professor...
While upstart ventures may run circles around stodgy companies when it comes to rolling out fresh products, they often cannot protect their new markets against giant foreign conglomerates that can knock off their merchandise and mass-produce it at a much lower cost. American companies invented many of the basic technologies behind such products as videocassette recorders and robotics, but Japanese firms have captured the lion's share of the sales in those fields...
...portion of any award over $100,000, a lawyer could charge no more than 15%. In response, the state's trial lawyers have banded together to push their own plan, Proposition 100. It rejects limits on legal fees and mandates changes in the law that would result in 15% lower insurance rates...
...shabbier aspects of American involvement in Viet Nam. Middle-class youngsters often managed to duck military induction, while society's less privileged members did most of the fighting. Some 76% of the 2,150,000 servicemen sent to Viet Nam from 1965 to 1973 came from working-class or lower-middle-class backgrounds. Roughly 25% were from families with incomes below the poverty line. Yet college-educated young men stood a 12% chance of being shipped off to the war, in contrast to 21% for men who did not attend college. "Basically the feeling was, That's for other people...