Word: lowered
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...unions representing 634,000 postal employees. Under the new contract, the average salary of those workers who are covered -- about $25,200 last year -- will rise some 7% by November 1990, not including cost-of-living adjustments. Tisch could have insisted that more of the work force consist of lower-paid, part-time employees. Instead, the Postal Service left in place guarantees that 90% of the employees will be permanent full-time workers...
There are several reasons for their reluctance. Many women fear that the radiation itself will cause tumors, a risk that researchers consider negligible, since radiation doses are far lower today than they once were. Other women simply find the cost -- an average mammogram is $100 -- prohibitive. Most to blame, however, may be doctors themselves: for several years, the medical establishment has been sharply divided over whether younger women will benefit from mammograms. The debate was rekindled earlier this month by a report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. In the study, Dr. David Eddy of Duke University...
...mammograms in addition to self-examination and regular physical exams can save lives in women over 50; X-ray screening can cut the death rate in this group by 30%. But the benefits of mammography for younger women are less clear. One reason is that younger women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than older women, so there is simply less cancer to detect. In addition, young breast tissue is denser and more likely to conceal tumors from X rays than the more fatty tissue of older women...
...patients themselves are at least half an inch in diameter, and have been growing for eight to ten years, says Dr. Ferris Hall of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. The larger the tumor, the higher the probability that it has already spread to the lymph nodes -- and the lower the prospects for survival. Self-examination alone may give women false reassurance, says Dr. Melvin Silverstein, a breast-cancer specialist in Van Nuys, Calif. "It ignores the biggest breakthrough we've had: finding nonpalpable lumps with mammography...
...same time last year. The IRS is processing them at about the same rate as last year and mailing refunds, which average $801, up from $755 last year, in the usual three to four weeks after the filing. Perhaps most surprising is the decline in cheating. Gibbs believes the lower rates and closed loopholes will reduce the amount of evaded taxes -- $100 billion in 1987 -- to as little as $80 billion this year...