Word: lowers
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...line with national trends, the audit reported that the number of recyclables discarded with trash is decreasing. Compared to last October, recyclables collected from Houses and dorms has dropped by 10 percent. Recyclable paper, cardboard, cans and bottles are also composing a lower percentage of waste...
...good news is that the sweeping reforms approved in 1997 have for the most part been phased in. While there isn't a lot that's new this year, lawmakers have plenty of big new ideas. They always do. Some want to lower the capital-gains tax rate, now 20% at the federal level for most people who hold an asset longer than one year. That's down from 28% a few years ago, and it could be pushed to 15%. Another hot topic is the so-called death tax. Republicans want to eliminate the tax on estates, which...
...forget that as the lifetime exclusion rises in coming years, you benefit even if you used it up at a lower level. You can shelter from estate tax the difference between the old limit that you've exhausted and the new limit. You can also donate, tax-free, virtually unlimited amounts for certain medical and education expenses beyond the normal gift limitations...
...convert in 1998 because of a one-time grant to spread the resulting tax over four years. The effect, though, was to extend the period in which you can unconvert and then reconvert to the Roth. You'd want to do that if your IRA's value is much lower now than when you originally converted. It can save a bundle in taxes. You lose the ability to spread the tax over four years, but you can approximate that benefit by converting a fourth of your portfolio each of the next four years...
...retiring soon, new contributions might not have enough time to grow tax-deferred. You might be better served putting new savings into a tax-efficient mutual fund, like an index fund. When you cash that in after one year, you pay the capital-gains rate on your earnings, typically lower than the income-tax rate you pay on IRA withdrawals...