Word: lunges
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...American Cancer Society's Edward Cuyler Hammond was among the first to show a statistical link between smoking and lung cancer. Partly under him and partly under others, statistics have narrowed the presumed cause from smoking in general to cigarette smoking to heavy cigarette smoking. Meanwhile, statistics amplified the effects to include not merely lung cancer, but even more important (in number of deaths ), heart and circulatory diseases-plus other pulmonary diseases and cancers of the mouth and throat. With this much to go on, Hammond hypothesized that the amount of smoke to get into the lungs...
...likely to kill quickly as a stroke or a heart attack-has no everyday English name. It is pulmonary embolism, in which the flow of used blood is blocked, nearly always by clots, in the pulmonary artery leading from the heart's lower right chamber to the lungs (see diagram). Medicine and surgery have been helpless to deal with severe cases of pulmonary embolism. Now a team of Houston doctors suggests that if victims can be operated upon promptly, a number may be saved with the aid of a heart-lung machine...
...patient's chest was opened along the breastbone. Tubes slipped into both great veins led used blood out of her body to the heart-lung machine. Another tube fed it back into a leg artery. A clamp on the aorta helped to keep the heart and lungs virtually bloodless. Dr. Cooley slit open the main pulmonary artery, found nothing in it. But in the successively smaller branches and in the lungs themselves were at least 18 clots. Dr. Cooley pulled some out with forceps, extracted the others with a vacuum suction tube. He washed out the lungs and squeezed...
This took 15 minutes-more than four times as long as the body's blood flow can be safely stopped without a heart-lung machine. Then Dr. Cooley stitched up the artery and let normal blood flow resume. Immediately, the patient's blood pressure was a healthy 120 over 70. To protect her against the risk of renewed clotting, the great vein in her lower right flank was tied off. She went home in two weeks, and has remained well for months...
...benefit from the Cooley operation, most victims of pulmonary embolism will have to get, within a few hours, to a major center for heart surgery. So Dr. Cooley urges heart-lung surgeons to figure out ways of cutting down the time it takes to set up for an emergency operation...