Word: lunges
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Smokers are much more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers - that has been a scientific truism for decades. But what about the 80% of smokers who don't develop lung cancer? Are they just the lucky ones? A trio of new studies suggests that the explanation for why they escape the disease may lie partly in their genes...
...population and occur in genes in the same region of the long arm of chromosome 15. Those genes code for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, cell-surface proteins that selectively bind to nicotine molecules. Once nicotine attaches to these receptors, a series of changes in the cells is triggered: in the lungs, for example, cells are pushed into rapid, uncontrolled growth, which promotes the growth of new feeder blood vessels, creating, in turn, a particularly hospitable environment for cancer tumors. The new studies, published in Nature and Nature Genetics, found that smokers who possessed one copy of either variant were 28% more...
...These are very interesting and potentially very, very important findings," says Dr. Norman Edelman, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association. "They put nicotine front and center in smoking-related diseases, including lung cancer...
What sets the new research apart from previous studies of lung-cancer genes is the researchers' effort to separate the influence of genetic variants on cancer risk from the impact of years of smoking. One study - led by scientists at DeCODE Genetics in Iceland - found that smokers who had one copy of either of the genetic variants smoked more per day than others. The findings suggest that the specific gene variants may increase nicotine addiction, making smokers less likely to quit smoking, and, therefore, increasing their risk of cancer...
...other two studies examined the cancer risk and smoking habits of current and former smokers, with and without cancer, with a carefully matched control group of never-smokers. While the variants were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers, that genetic predisposition is not destiny. In the U.S.-based study, led by Christopher Amos, an epidemiologist at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, people who never smoked but still had the genetic variants showed no increased risk of lung cancer, which suggests that nicotine might be necessary to trigger the tumor-building process - and that smokers...