Word: luthuli
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...weather in his native Natal is usually mild and sunny this time of year, but as Albert John Luthuli strolled along the streets of Oslo last week in a temperature of 14° F., an inner glow kept him comfortable. Said South Africa's Luthuli. the former Zulu chief who was in Oslo to receive the delayed 1960 Nobel Peace Prize: "I do not feel the cold because I am meeting so many warmhearted people...
...Luthuli's moderation stems from the deep influence on his life of Christian missionaries. Only two generations removed from Zulu witchcraft, he grew up in a Southern Rhodesian mission, where his father served as an interpreter-evangelist. Educated in mission schools in Natal, Luthuli in 1921 graduated from Congregationalist Adams College, south of Durban, stayed on to teach the Zulu language and music. But in 1935 he gave up his promising and lucrative academic career to become the elected chief of his poverty-stricken Zulu tribe in the Groutville district, thus following in the footsteps of four chieftain ancestors...
...successful was his chieftainship that Luthuli entered politics wholeheartedly, became a member of the Native Representative Council, an advisory group supposed to acquaint the white government with the views of South Africa's blacks. Fed up with the bogus paternalism of this arrangement, Luthuli joined the African National Congress, in 1952 helped launch a nationwide passive-resistance campaign against the color bar. Reacting immediately to this defiance, the government jailed 8,000 Africans and nonwhites, stripped Luthuli of his chieftainship. By now a national figure, Luthuli was elected president of the African National Congress, urged a policy of nonviolent...
...About the Vikings. The government responded by twice imposing speaking bans on Luthuli; in 1956 it arrested him for treason, but later dismissed the charge. Even white South Africans began to listen to his speeches. Explains one African: "Luthuli was able to say the most dangerous things about the government in the most charitable way." Unmoved by his charity, the government finally, in 1959, banished him to his home district for five years, forbidding him to speak or enter politics. But Luthuli kept up his resistance campaign; last year, after the Sharpeville massacre, he was fined $280 for publicly burning...
...Luthuli's award is a badly needed shot in the arm to South Africa's black moderates, whose influence was steadily eroding because of their leader's exile. It also places the Nationalist government on a spot. If the government refuses him permission to travel to Oslo next month to pick up his $43,300 prize money, it will put itself in the same company as Russia, which in 1958 would not allow Boris Pasternak to collect his Nobel Prize for literature. Said South Africa's famed Novelist Alan Paton: "If they let Luthuli...