Word: luthuli
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...African Congress, a splinter group of Chief Albert Luthuli's leading African National Congress, decided to test its strength among African workers by calling for the massive demonstration against the "pass laws," the symbol of White rule...
Sharpeville marks the turning point in South Africa's history. It shows that the extremist Pan Africanist Congress has successfully challenged the position of moderate Chief Albert Luthuli as leader of the Black political forces...
...Luthuli, who is aging, may get the Nobel Peace prize in recognition of his patient non-violent leadership against apartheid. But, in the republican days that lie ahead, his appeals for calm and reason are likely to be ignored by the majority of Africans...
...soothingly, but he acted like a man who feared imminent revolution on a national scale. Before dawn on Wednesday, even before the emergency declaration was fully in effect, his detectives fanned out in simultaneous raids throughout the nation to arrest scores of native leaders and suspected troublemakers. Chief Albert Luthuli, president of the African National Congress and a moderate who had now joined the radicals in advocating pass-burning, was awakened and hauled away at 2 a.m.; soon the police were picking up "dangerous" whites as well, including all the top leaders of Alan (Cry, the Beloved Country) Paton...
...addressed by Prime Minister Verwoerd, who complained that most of the unanimous outside criticism came from "the ducktails of the political world .... Good and nice people are mostly quiet"). African political organizations were outlawed. Robert Sobukwe and eleven of his Pan-African aides surrendered and were, jailed. Albert Luthuli, leader of the more moderate African National Congress, was already under house arrest. Both organizations proclaimed a "day of mourning" for the dead (the police released the bodies a few at a time so that there could be no mass funeral). A work boycott by Africans was ordered, and strong...