Word: lvov
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...also reinstituting preferred names and spellings that accord with their languages: not every republic now uses the Cyrillic alphabet from which the English versions are transliterated. So Belorussia is now Belarus, Moldavia is Moldova, Kirghizia is Kyrgyzstan. Belarus says its capital is Mensk, not Minsk, and Ukrainians insist that Lvov is Lviv...
...regimented unity. But the observances this week seem likely to symbolize something very different -- where they are held at all. Officials in Moscow and Leningrad have criticized the traditional military parades as anachronistic wastes of money; parliamentarians in Latvia want rites honoring "victims of Communist terror"; authorities in Lvov in the western Ukraine resolved to ignore the anniversary altogether. Even after Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev ordered Moscow and other cities to hold the parades, some local leaders called for counterdemonstrations as well. No one was sure whose orders would be followed...
...Ukrainian nationalist movement needed a Betsy Ross, it certainly found one in Orest Kaledin. On a stroll through Lvov (pop. 860,000), the largest city in the Western Ukraine, the biologist turned flagmaker points to five new yellow-and-blue national banners flapping from the town hall. They are his and his wife's handiwork, says Kaledin with pride. He dreams of designing uniforms and ensigns for a revived Ukrainian army. Pointing out a friend on the street -- a scrawny person of decidedly unmilitary bearing -- he explains confidentially that the young man is destined to become "one of our generals...
...Lvov the town hall, bustling with activity, is reminiscent of Lenin's headquarters in the opening days of the Bolshevik Revolution. Only this is a revolution against communist control. Youths in blue jeans huddle in smoke- filled corridors with city council representatives in peasant blouses, discussing plans to purge Lvov of emblems, propaganda posters and street names that are, in the words of one deputy, "trademarks of Soviet power." Busts of Lenin and Marx in two wall niches have already been replaced -- by vases...
Worried about the radical shift in the western half of the republic, authorities in Kiev tried to wrest control of the police, transportation, communication and even veterinary services from local municipalities on the eve of the elections. That has not cowed Lvov's new city council. At a recent session, deputies grilled a local official in charge of light industry and food production. Why was there so little milk? Why were the "bosses" still loading up their cars with scarce goods? "We are a rich agricultural area," complained one speaker, "but everything gets sent to the center...