Word: lymphomas
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...cells manage to survive the onslaught and germinate, sometimes years later, into tumors that are impervious to treatment. The ability of the cancer cell to outmaneuver its attackers has long been reflected in mortality statistics. Despite gains made against cancers such as childhood leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma, the overall death rate remains dismally high. This year more than half a million Americans will succumb to cancer, making it the nation's second leading killer after cardiovascular disease...
This news comes from the University of California at San Francisco, where researchers studied AIDS patients with lymphoma, a cancer in which lymph cells grow wildly. The scientists found that HIV had invaded the cells and, in some instances, activated cancer-causing genes that are normally dormant...
...Francisco study, Dr. Michael McGrath and Dr. Bruce Shiramizu examined tissue from more than two dozen AIDS patients who suffered from lymphoma. In the majority of cases, they found what any AIDS researcher would expect. After infecting the lymph system, HIV uses its genetic material, RNA, as a template to produce viral DNA, which randomly incorporates itself into the cell's DNA. But in a few cases, the viral strands zeroed in on a particular stretch of cell DNA. When the investigators looked more closely, they discovered what is known as an oncogene nearby. Responsible for normal growth during development...
...research suggests a possible strategy for treating lymphoma in these patients: attack HIV with antiviral drugs like interferon. "We don't know whether turning off HIV will turn off the cancer gene as well," McGrath admits. "But it's an approach we are eager to pursue...
...major causes, from accidents to Alzheimer's to AIDS. One of Nuland's case histories involves a drug addict and AIDS victim he calls Ishmael Garcia. With chilling clarity, the author describes Garcia's gradual and painful "descent into the valley of fever and incoherence" via pneumonia, meningitis and lymphoma of the brain. As he lay dying, Garcia was taking 14 experimental medications, none of which slowed what Nuland calls "a jet- propelled pestilence." Death certificates require that attending doctors state a cause; Nuland points out that for most of the elderly the villain is old age. Bodies wear...