Word: machlup
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Citizen v. Scholar. A.A.U.P.'s rating of professorial freedom to teach and discuss politics is well up from the McCarthy era, but the association's respected president, Princeton Economist Fritz Machlup, questions some limitations left over from then. In relating national loyalty to scholarly integrity, he wants to keep clear the distinction between citizenship and scholarship. As citizens, professors must obey the law like everyone else, but as scholars, "professors have only one obligation: to search for truth and speak the truth as they...
...would give most economists the willies, but it fascinates Fritz Mach-lup (pronounced mock-loop), holder of Princeton's Walker professorship of economics and international finance. A onetime Austrian businessman (in cardboard). Economist Machlup, 60, came to the U.S. in 1933, taught for years at Johns Hopkins, and is now president of the American Association of University Professors...
...Price of Mother. Last week Machlup published a massive study titled The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (Princeton University Press; $7.50). In words as witty as his statistics are weighty, Machlup argues that knowledge spreading is indeed a definable industry, which in 1958 produced goods and services worth $136.4 billion. Machlup breaks it down into five subindustries with 52 branches. He includes not only publishing, broadcasting, research and development, but even religion, a $2.5 billion item for everything from clergy to construction. Machlup even puts a price tag on mothers of preschoolers : the pay they give...
...Machlup sees it, all this contributes to a growing U.S. labor crisis. First, machinery slashed the need for muscle laborers; then automation began displacing mental laborers such as file clerks. As a result, the U.S. confronts "creeping unemployment" among the least educated, while crying for ever brainier people to run computers and other "thinking machines." The urgent need is "a drastic improvement of school programs that raises the lazy and unambitious to higher levels of accomplishment...
...Cost of More. Many educators aim to do just that by raising the school-leaving age to produce more youngsters with more schooling. In provocative contrast, Machlup suggests just the opposite: lowering the age. The chief effect of raising it, he says, "is to spread the same academic curriculum over a longer period." As a result, it takes more time to learn the same thing, and teaching may get worse. The dull hate learning more than ever, and the bright suffer because standards fall. In the end, this simply costs more money, requires more teachers, and produces fewer truly educated...