Word: magnitogorsk
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Author Scott (Behind the Urals), 30, is the son of oldtime U.S. Socialist Scott Nearing. For five years Scott was a worker in Russia's huge steel plant at Magnitogorsk. Later he was Moscow correspondent for London's News Chronicle...
...Urals are the chief seat of Soviet Asia's industrial power, "the inner bastion of Russian defense." The Magnitogorsk Steel Mill, which since 1936 has produced the cheapest pig iron in Russia, supports a mushroom metropolis of 200,000. The Cheliabinsk Tractor Plant, the world's biggest, now turns out tanks and armored cars. Twenty years ago Ekaterinburg, where the last Tsar and his family were shot in a cellar, was a city of 25,000. Now renamed Sverdlovsk, it is the junction of seven railroad lines, has a population...
These areas include such great centers as Magnitogorsk, whose iron & steel combine is larger than any in Europe. The Ural Freight Car Building Works in Tagil produced 120,000 two-axle cars in 1939-as many as were made elsewhere in all Russia. There have been many conversions: the Tagil Car Works is now producing military vehicles; the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant now makes tanks; factories in Novosibirsk mass-produce military-type skis. The diversity is surprising: the auxiliary capital produces carburetors, armatures, railway equipment, cinema apparatus, tractor parts, tubes, leather goods, foodstuffs...
...first Plan was to build a base of heavy industry far from dangerous European borders. Around the biggest coal deposit in the world, in the Kuznetsk Basin in mid-Siberia, mines were opened, steel mills built. The huge magnetic iron-ore mountain at Magnitogorsk in the Urals got other mills. A tractor and rifle factory went up at Chelyabinsk near...