Word: magnitogorsk
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...rivers divert incoming water. As a result, Russia's caviar output has decreased; one-third of the sturgeons' spawning grounds are high and dry. Meanwhile, most municipalities lack adequate sewage treatment plants, carbon monoxide chokes the plateau towns of Armenia, and smog shrouds the metallurgical centers of Magnitogorsk, Alma-Ata and Chelyabinsk...
...convergence theory rests on three basic assumptions. One is that industrialization by necessity leads to urbanization and a common culture with uniformities in skills, techniques, organizations and even problems-like the alienation of factory workers from jobs and machines. Because workers and managers in Gary, Ind., and Magnitogorsk perform similar tasks, the argument goes, they tend to develop similar ways of life. The second premise is that industrialization leads to increased diversity and complexity in a society -to a pluralistic condition that overrides all ideologies. The third is that industrialization creates affluence, which undermines political discipline and ideological conformity...