Word: mainland
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...enmity was only heightened by China's intervention in the Korean War. Congressional leaders-particularly Republicans-constructed a policy of containment through generous military and economic aid to Chiang Kai-shek's anti-Communist regime and security commitments to shield Taiwan and its satellite islands from mainland control. In the 1950s, election campaigns were fought on a lingering charge that...
Democrats had "sold out" China to the Communists. The U.S. blocked Peking's entry to the United Nations, refused entirely to trade with the mainland, and held to the myth that the Nationalist regime in Taiwan was the legitimate government of all China. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson both wanted to bring U.S. policy more into line with reality. Kennedy's initiatives were stilled in Dallas ("We were just about to do then what was done this week." says a State Department official who served under J.F.K.), and Johnson's attempts were stalled by the Viet...
...delivered in a capital friendly to Peking, it was an unmistakable presidential overture to China. By the end of the year, the $100 limit on imports had been removed, and the Administration had announced permission for foreign subsidiaries of U.S. firms to deal in non-strategic goods with the mainland...
...goods for export to China and allowed U.S. oil companies to bunker China-bound foreign-owned ships carrying foreign-produced oil. Nixon also took advantage of the friendly presence of Rumania's President Nicolae Ceausescu at a state dinner in Washington last October to refer to the mainland regime by its official name: the People's Republic of China...
Probably the President's most important signal, however, was sent from Guam, where he enunciated the Nixon Doctrine of gradual U.S. military disengagement from the mainland of Asia. He followed up his words by beginning withdrawals from South Viet Nam, scaling down the U.S. presence in South Korea, and ordering an end to the Seventh Fleet's patrols in the Taiwan Strait. In his 1970 "State of the World" report, Nixon referred to the Chinese as "a great and vital people who should not remain isolated...