Word: mainstream
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Viet Nam 40 years later. But all immigrants have certain things in common, and all know the classic, opposite impulses: to draw together in protective enclaves where through churches, clubs, cafes, newspapers, the old culture is fiercely maintained; and on the other hand to rush headlong into the American mainstream, seeking to adopt indiscriminately new manners, clothes, technology and sometimes names...
...says University of Chicago Sociologist Irving Spergel. "They are not educated. There are no more unskilled jobs. There is no place to go." Others think the new bands will fade, just as most older ones did. "Gangs last only as long as members can't make it in the mainstream," says UCLA Psychologist Rex Beaber. "As the expectations of success go up, the need for the protective gang enclave diminishes." One scholar already sees some reason for hope in Miami. The offspring of the brutal Marielitos seem to be different from their parents, reports University of Miami Sociologist Jerome Wolfe...
...power of organization is still a new idea to most immigrant women, and it is one that appeals to those who are especially vulnerable: heads of households. To Chinese women, for example, says Muzaffar Chishti of the ILGWU, "a union is the first stepping-stone into a mainstream American institution...
...taking home a mere $80 to $120 a week. They complain of headaches and stomach pains, caused by exhaustion and strain. "They are really suffering from depression," says Chia-ling Kuo, a research associate in anthropology at the City University of New York. "They are not really in the mainstream. Their joy is Sunday dim sum and Chinese movies. Most people in Chinatown don't ever have a chance to speak to an American...
Proponents of bilingual learning, however, see it not only as a way to help students with limited English proficiency (LEP) make the transition into the mainstream of American classrooms but as a means for preserving the students' native language and culture. Today bilingual programs are conducted in a gallimaufry of around 80 tongues, ranging from Spanish to Lithuanian to Micronesian Yapese. Some of these courses are designed to maintain a student's original language indefinitely, bolstering the language with enrichment studies in indigenous art, music, literature and history. The annual cost is well over $350 million...