Word: making
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Some of Gorbachev's most hostile critics are among those whose help he needs to make perestroika work: the 18 million members of the nomenklatura, or ruling class. Says Eldar Shakhbazov, deputy minister of finance in Azerbaijan: "The first layer of opponents of perestroika are people who would lose their economic privileges." Not only might they be shifted to less desirable jobs, but the nomenklatura fears that reform may also eliminate the perks -- special stores, food sources, even schools -- that make them the Soviet Union's pampered elite. Those privileges are a touchy matter. When Pravda published a letter from...
...groups with a worthy cause. In Tartu the Popular Front joined with the environmentalist Greens and the local branch of a monument- preservation society to stage an evening of "public accounting," during which municipal leaders ran a gauntlet of tough questioning. Says Lauristin: "We are seeking a way to make the transition from totalitarianism to democracy and begin a normal exchange between the authorities and the people...
...sacred rightness of the Communist Party and its doctrine of historical inevitability. "We have no cult of Stalin, but we have a cult of the party," says literary critic Igor Zolotussky in the journal Novy Mir. "The party, and the idea it personifies, is always right. Party activists often make mistakes -- but the party, never. What is this but a new form of idolatry...
...crest of this new wave is Brigada S. "It's almost an accident we became so popular," says Sukachev, 29, who worked in a factory before he could make it with his music. Only two years ago, Sukachev and fellow band members were routinely hauled into local police stations and asked to explain their hairstyles and unusual dress. When the band's photograph appeared in a French magazine in 1986, Sukachev was taken to KGB headquarters for questioning. These days, all that has changed. On a recent trip back to his high school, Sukachev was surprised to hear himself described...
...almost any other country, the sight of a few computers would hardly seem worth noting. But in a society predicated on the control of information -- and, perhaps more important, on centralized decision making -- the placing of information processors in the hands of factory managers, middle-level bureaucrats, educators, journalists and regional planners is very big news. "There's a struggle taking place over the control of information," says Loren Graham, a Soviet-science watcher at M.I.T. "The debate is whether to make personal computers available to the general public or to restrict access by price or institutional control...