Word: malacca
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...treaty commitments. By those more searching standards, several countries stand out as having great importance to the U.S.: Japan, preeminently; South Korea, whose independence is vital to Japanese security; the Philippines and Indonesia, which have vast resources; and Singapore and Malaysia, which together with Indonesia control the Strait of Malacca, the vital corridor for oil tankers traveling to Asia from the Middle East. Despite U.S. treaty commitments, Thailand and Taiwan are now viewed as being of less importance. No one writes them off, but then-political future is being weighed dispassionately. It would not hurt essential American interests...
...cutoff in oil to the West because of another Middle East war, an Arab oil embargo and a White House command to the U.S. military to lift the embargo. At this order, two massive U.S. strike groups would get under way. One would move through the Strait of Malacca, across the Indian Ocean and into the Persian Gulf. It would include carriers whose jets would secure air control, and ships carrying at least a division of Marines (15,000 men). The second force would include two brigades of the 82nd Airborne Division (7,600 men) now stationed at Fort Bragg...
...spill occurred last week when the 237,698-ton supertanker Showa Maru ran aground at the eastern entrance to the Malacca Strait between Singapore and Malaysia on the north and Indonesia on the south. The impact tore open the ship's bottom, and an estimated 20,000 bbl. of oil leaked into the water. The five-square-mile slick that formed first threatened to smear the sparkling white beaches of Singapore's Sentosa Island, then began drifting westward toward more open water...
...spill could not have come at a worse time or in a worse place. The Malacca Strait is a key short cut in the "lifeline" route followed by most supertankers on the long voyage from the Persian Gulf to Japan. Japanese officials had just completed a survey of ship traffic through the narrow, heavily traveled waterway. As the slick was spreading, they were meeting with authorities from the Strait nations to discuss the survey and consider new safety regulations for ship traffic. Now they fear that the oil spill may lead to new restrictions on supertankers in the Strait...
...Pentagon was quick to see a military threat in the developing countries' persistent claims to jurisdiction over 200 miles of coastal seas. If those claims succeeded, some 115 international straits-including Gibraltar, Dover, Malacca, the entrances to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf-would be controlled by individual countries. That, in turn, would probably end the tradition of unimpeded transit of naval ships...