Word: malayalam
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...PALINDROMES, as Borgmann presents them, are still more fun. Spelled the same backward as forward, they fall into several categories: palindromic words (Malayalam, evitative, detartrated); palindromic names and trade names (Mary Belle Byram, Yreka Bakery); vertical palindromes that read in reverse when they are turned upside down, either hand-printed...
Kerala was an especially difficult testing ground. The Malayalam-speaking inhabitants had attacked post offices and disrupted rail services over the Hindi question. Though the most Christian state in India and the one with the highest literacy rate, Kerala is desperately poor and has a radical tradition. Back in 1957 the Communists captured the state government, ruling for 27 chaotic months until removed from of fice by a presidential decree...
...Tamil-speaking Madras state, where five people have burned themselves to death in protest, a mob captured two policemen and burned them alive. In Malayalam-speaking Kerala state, mobs attacked post offices and trains, and students signed pledges of resistance to the "imposition of Hindi," using their own blood as ink. State elections are scheduled for next month in Kerala, and the sudden emergence of the Hindi issue seems likely to hand victory back to the Communists, who ruled Kerala from...
...Shastri. Under the new law, official business now must be carried out in Hindi, and civil servants, India's largest urban labor force, are granted higher seniority status for learning it. But in southern India, where 111 million people speak four different, Dravidian languages - Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam - there is frustrated opposition to the law. Along with suicides, there were riots, bus burnings, and demonstrations. Before they ended, 1,500 people had been arrested...
...Pradesh (Nehru's as well as Prime Minister Shastri's home). The officialization of Hindi has long been fought by non-Hindi regions, chiefly four southern states to which Hindi is as foreign as Tex-Mex; they are Madras (which speaks Tamil), Andhra Pradesh (Telu-gu), Kerala (Malayalam) and Mysore (Kannada). Anti-Hindis accuse the Hindis of being out for political gain. In any case, should Hindi become the exclusive official tongue, thousands of civil servants, who do not understand Hindi but get government clerical jobs through their knowledge of English, would be totally adrift...