Word: manaus
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Death & Slavery. Of the 18,000 men who went to Amazonia, only a few were ever seen again. Most of these, ragged derelicts, now beg in the streets of Manaus and Belem. Others have staggered home to tell bitter stories of slavery and death. Said one: "The thieving rubber buyers and the mosquitoes were our worst enemies. Those of us who tried to escape were captured and beaten senseless. Those who really escaped were imprisoned in the mysteries of the jungle...
...river valley his only market, Clayton first floated oil drums downstream to Iquitos as rafts tied together with vines and buoyed by balsa logs. Later he got barges, now has river tankers. During the war he sold gasoline, kerosene and fuel oil as far down the river as Manaus...
...Archipelago. Brazilians like to point out that their vast country is really an archipelago of widely scattered population islands that only airlines can tie together. It used to take 13 days, by the quickest transportation, to get from Rio to Manaus near the mighty Amazon. Now, with stops along the way, flying boats and land planes cover the 2,000 miles in two days. Planes cut the distance to doctors in a country short of skilled specialists. A hundred lively aero-clubs, sponsored by the Government, have brought planes to many parts of Brazil before the motorcar; some 600 airfields...
...plantation rubber production overtook wild. Always superior because of controlled quality, it pushed wild rubber from expanding markets till, in the peak year of 1934, out of a world production of 1,019,000 tons Brazil contributed but 9,000 tons, a catastrophic 0.89%. In Iquitos, Peru, upriver from Manaus, docks fell into disrepair. Manaus grew clean and hungry. The State of Amazonas defaulted both internal and external debt regularly each year...
Those who expect synthetics some day to push rubber off the market entirely, those who think the Mexican guayule bush a better bet, looked dubious; but Vargas was confident. That he had rubber-worried Uncle Sam behind him to some extent was indicated by the fact that at Manaus he received exhaustive reports from experts of the U. S. Department of Agriculture working in conjunction with private experts from Goodyear. In Belem, Vargas lunched with John Ingle, head of Goodyear's Crude Rubber Division, who flew there from Akron as guest of Vargas' golf partner, Brazil...