Word: manchu
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Spaniards arrived in Formosa in the 1620s. They fought the head-hunting Formosan aborigines and each other. In 1644 the Dutch captured the Spanish stronghold of La Santissima Trinidad at Keelung, but their victory was short-lived. Formosa was being inundated with South Chinese fleeing before the Manchu invaders of China. In 1661 one refugee, the pirate Koxinga, turned up at Formosa with a fleet and an army of 25,000 men, overwhelmed Formosa's small Dutch garrison and proclaimed himself king of the island. Though he ruled for only a year before his death, Koxinga is still Formosans...
Died. W. W. Yen (Yen Hunching), 73, Chinese elder statesman and onetime Prime Minister (1924-26) of the Republic of China; in Shanghai. After the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty by Sun Yat-sen in 1911, frail, U.S.-educated Dr. Yen served as a diplomat to Germany, Sweden, Denmark, the U.S., the U.S.S.R. He came out of retirement last year to head an unofficial four-man mission to Peking which tried unsuccessfully to make peace with the Communists...
Degrading. Amherst knew about the kowtow-it consisted of kneeling and knocking one's head nine times on the ground before the Manchu Emperor. Thus the envoys of all the world acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese sovereign. "Repugnant . . . degrading . . . inexpedient," the Britons had decided, "required for the obvious purpose of reducing us to a level with missions from Corea and the Lew-chew islands [i.e., Korea and the Ryukyus, including Okinawa] . . . should be refused...